Jacques Toubon (born 21 June 1941) is a right-wing French politician who held several major national and Parisian offices. He has been serving as Defender of Rights (Ombudsman) between 2014 and 2020. Minister of Culture: 1993–1995; Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice: 1995–1997; Member of European Parliament: 2004–2009; Member of the National Assembly for Paris: 1981–1993 (Became minister in 1993), Elected in 1981, reelected in 1986, 1988, 1993; Deputy-mayor of Paris: 1983–2001, Reelected ...