Rashid Nugmanov (Russian: Рашид Мусаевич Нугманов; born March 19, 1954; Alma-Ata) is a Soviet and Kazakh film director, dissident, political activist and founder of the Kazakh New Wave cinema movement. Rashid Nugmanov was born into a Muslim Kazakh family on March 19, 1954. After graduating in 1977 from the Architectural Institute in Alma-Ata, Nugmanov enrolled at the prestigious Moscow State Film Institute (VGIK), the world's first institute of cinematography in 1984. His directorial debut, Th ...